• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The cooling device (10) comprises a heat pump primary circuit (12), comprising a first primary heat exchanger (14) with compartment air, a primary compressor (16), a second primary heat exchanger (18) heat exchanger with outside air, and a primary expander device (20), and a thermal storage tank (46), connected to the primary circuit (12), in parallel with said first primary heat exchanger (14) with the compartment air. The air-conditioning device (10) comprises a secondary heat pump circuit (12 '), comprising a first secondary heat exchanger (14') with compartment air, a secondary compressor (16 '), a second secondary heat exchanger (18 ') heat with air from the outside, and a secondary expander device (20'). The thermal storage tank (46) is connected to the secondary circuit (12 '), parallel to said first secondary heat exchanger (14') with compartment air.
    公开号:FR3016206A1
    申请号:FR1450117
    申请日:2014-01-08
    公开日:2015-07-10
    发明作者:Eid Rami Abou；Josselin Chan；Philippe Chevalier；Francis Mortreux
    申请人:Alstom Transport SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to an air conditioning device for a compartment, in particular for a railway vehicle. Already known in the state of the art, an air conditioning device of a compartment, comprising a heat pump circuit. Said heat pump circuit conventionally comprises a first heat exchanger with compartment air, a compressor, a second heat exchanger with outside air, and an expander, arranged in series in a closed circuit to form a loop. . A refrigerant circulates in this heat pump circuit and exchanges heat on the one hand with the compartment air in the first heat exchanger and on the other hand with the outside air in the second heat exchanger. heat. In order to allow an optimal heat exchange, each heat exchanger comprises fins increasing the exchange surface with air. Under certain climatic conditions, the humidity contained in the outside air can be deposited on the fins of the second heat exchanger in the form of frost. This frost then fills the spaces between the fins, then covers the second heat exchanger with a layer of frost likely to hinder the passage of air. In this case, the performance of the heat pump circuit greatly decreases. A known solution for defrosting the second heat exchanger is to invert the cycle of the heat pump, so that the refrigerant takes heat from the first heat exchanger, and brings the heat to the second heat exchanger so to melt the frost. When such a defrosting is performed, the thermal comfort inside the compartment may decrease, since the heat pump circuit takes heat in this compartment through the first heat exchanger. Thus, in order to maintain a comfortable temperature in the passenger compartment, an electric heater is generally activated to compensate for this heat removal. Such electric heating is particularly energy consuming, so that this solution is not very advantageous. Other solutions are known for defrosting the second heat exchanger. For example, a known solution provides a thermal storage tank connected to the heat pump circuit, intended to promote defrosting. In this case, the heat is taken from the thermal storage tank rather than from the compartment air. However, the compartment is heated more during defrosting, which can cause a decrease in thermal comfort in this compartment. In addition, such a device generally requires oversized components to provide satisfactory operation. Thus, such a solution is also not very advantageous. The object of the invention is in particular to remedy these drawbacks, by providing an air conditioning device enabling the external heat exchanger to be defrosted without reducing the thermal comfort in the compartment, without requiring the use of an electric heater. additional.
    [0002] For this purpose, the invention particularly relates to an air conditioning device of a compartment, in particular for a railway vehicle, of the type comprising: - a primary heat pump circuit, comprising a first primary heat exchanger with the air of the compartment, a primary compressor, a second primary heat exchanger with outside air, and a primary expansion device, and - a thermal storage tank, connected to the primary circuit, in parallel with said first primary heat exchanger with the air compartment, characterized in that: - the air conditioning device comprises a secondary heat pump circuit, comprising a first secondary heat exchanger with compartment air, a secondary compressor, a second secondary heat exchanger with the from the outside, and a secondary expander device, - the thermal storage tank is connected to the secondary circuit, in parallel with said first secondary heat exchanger with air compartment.
    [0003] Thanks to the two heat pump circuits, both connected to the thermal storage tank, and having independent operations, it is possible to provide many advantageous modes of operation. In particular, it is possible to defrost the second heat exchanger of one of the heat pump circuits by taking heat from the thermal storage tank rather than from the compartment air, while continuing to heat the compartment air with the other heat pump circuit. Furthermore, the thermal storage tank can be recharged in heat by one of the heat pump circuits, while the other heat pump circuit is heating the compartment. Thus, the presence of the thermal storage tank has no effect on the thermal comfort inside the compartment.
    [0004] The presence of at least two heat pump circuits also allows other advantageous modes of operation, which will be described in more detail later. An air conditioning device according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following features, taken alone or in any technically feasible combination. - The thermal storage tank comprises: - a chamber filled with a thermal storage fluid, - a first hollow heat exchange element, housed in the enclosure, and communicating with the primary circuit of the heat pump, and- a second heat exchange hollow element, housed in the enclosure, and communicating with the secondary heat pump circuit. At least one of the primary and secondary heat pump circuits comprises: a first branch connected to the first heat exchanger; a second branch extending between the first heat exchanger and the expander device; third branch, extending between the expander device and the second heat exchanger, - a fourth branch, connected to the second heat exchanger, - a compressor branch, on which the compressor is arranged, and extending between a part of an input and an output portion, and - an inverting device adapted to alternatively connect said input portion to the first branch and said output portion to the fourth branch, or said input portion to the fourth branch and said output portion to the first branch. At least one of the inversion devices comprises: a first three-way valve, having a first channel connected to said first branch, a second path connected to said input section, and a third channel connected to said fourth channel; branch, and - a second three-way valve, having a first path connected to said first branch, a second path connected to said output portion, and a third path connected to said fourth branch. - At least one of the primary or secondary expander devices comprises a first and a second expander, each carried by a first and a second branch of the respective expander, such that: - the first expander, has an input connected to said second branch, and an output connected to said third branch, - the second expander has an input connected to said third branch, and an output connected to said second branch, and - each expander branch comprises a non-return valve, arranged in series with the first or second corresponding expander, and oriented in the same direction as the first or second corresponding expander. The first heat exchange hollow element is connected firstly to said first branch of the primary heat pump circuit via a first primary duct, and secondly to said second branch of the primary heat pump circuit. heat pump via a second primary duct, and the second heat exchange hollow element is connected on the one hand to said first branch of the secondary heat pump circuit via a first secondary duct , and secondly to said second branch of the secondary heat pump circuit via a second secondary duct. - The first primary duct is connected to the first branch of the primary circuit at a first primary branch, the second primary branch is connected to the second branch of the primary circuit at a second primary branch, the first or second branch of the primary system comprises a first branch. primary valve arranged between said first or second primary branch and the first primary exchanger, and the first or second primary line comprises a second primary valve. The first secondary duct is connected to the first branch of the secondary circuit at a first secondary branch, the second branch is connected to the second branch of the secondary circuit at a second branch, the first or second branch of the secondary circuit comprises a first branch; secondary valve, arranged between said first or second secondary branch, and the first secondary exchanger, and the first or second secondary duct, comprises a second secondary valve. Said thermal storage tank is suitable for exchanging heat with air, in particular compartment air, the thermal storage tank preferably being equipped with a ventilation device capable of generating an air flow. passing through the storage tank. - At least one of the first or second primary or secondary heat exchangers is equipped with a ventilation device capable of generating a flow of air passing through the first or second primary or secondary heat exchangers. The invention also relates to a method of deicing the second heat exchanger of the primary or secondary heat pump circuit of an air conditioning device as defined above, characterized in that: - the primary or secondary circuit, including the second exchanger heat to defrost, operates in a cold storage configuration, in which a refrigerant circulating in this circuit draws heat from the storage tank and returns heat to said second heat exchanger to defrost, - the other circuit operates in a heating configuration of the compartment, in which a refrigerant circulating in this circuit takes heat from the second heat exchanger of this circuit and returns heat to the first heat exchanger of this circuit.
    [0005] Advantageously, said other circuit operates in heating configuration of the compartment and storage of heat in the storage tank, in which a refrigerant circulating in this circuit takes heat from the second heat exchanger of this circuit and restores heat of heat. firstly to the first heat exchanger of this circuit, and secondly to the storage tank.
    [0006] The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended figure, schematically showing an air conditioning device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. . There is shown, in the figure, a device 10 for cooling a compartment, in particular for a railway vehicle. In the present description, the term "compartment" covers any confined space that can be air-conditioned, for example a passenger compartment of a railway vehicle, a steering cabin of a rail vehicle, a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, a compartment of an aeronautical or maritime vehicle. , or a piece of a building.
    [0007] The air conditioning device 10 according to the invention comprises two heat pump circuits, namely a primary circuit 12 and a secondary circuit 12 'of similar heat pumps. The heat pump primary circuit 12 comprises, in a conventional manner, a first primary heat exchanger 14 with the compartment air, a primary compressor 16, a second primary heat exchanger 18 with outside air, and a device primary expander 20. A primary refrigerant circulates in this primary circuit 12. Advantageously, the first primary heat exchanger 14 is equipped with a first primary ventilation device 15, able to generate a flow of air passing through this first heat exchanger. primary heat 14. Similarly, the second primary heat exchanger 18 is equipped with a second primary ventilation device 19, able to generate a flow of air passing through the second primary heat exchanger 18. These ventilation devices favor the heat exchange between the air and the corresponding heat exchanger.
    [0008] This primary heat pump circuit 12 is advantageously reversible, that is, it can be used to increase or reduce the temperature in the compartment. In other words, the compartment air can form a hot source or a cold source of the heat pump, depending on its mode of operation. Thus, the structure of the primary circuit 12, which will be described below, is adapted for such a reversible operation.
    [0009] In particular, the primary circuit 12 comprises a first branch 22, connected to the first primary heat exchanger 14, a second branch 24 extending between the first primary heat exchanger 14 and the primary expander device 20, a third branch 26, extending between the primary expander device 20 and the second primary heat exchanger 18, and a fourth branch 28 connected to the second primary heat exchanger 18. Furthermore, the primary circuit 12 comprises a primary compressor branch 30, on which is arranged the primary compressor 16. This primary compressor branch 30 extends between an inlet portion 30A and an outlet portion 30B. Indeed, the primary refrigerant can only flow in one direction in the primary compressor 16, so in one direction in the primary compressor branch 30. Thus, the primary circuit 12 comprises a primary inversion device 32, suitable for alternatively connecting said input portion 30A to the first leg 22 and said output portion 30B to the fourth leg 28, or said input portion 30A to the fourth leg 28 and said output portion 30B to the first leg 22 Thus, depending on the connection made by the primary inversion device 32, the primary refrigerant can flow from the primary compressor 16 to the first primary heat exchanger 14 or from the primary compressor 16 to the second heat exchanger. primary heat 18. The primary inversion device 32 comprises for example: a first three-way valve 32A, having a first channel connected to said first pin reed 22, a second path connected to said input portion 30A and a third path connected to said fourth leg 28, and - a second three-way valve 32B having a first path connected to said first branch 22, a second connected path at said output portion 30B, and a third path connected to said fourth branch 28. Thus, each of these first 32A and second 32B three-way valves is adapted to allow fluid communication of the input portion 30A, respectively the portion 30B output, with the first 22 or fourth 28 branch. These first 32A and second 32B valves are controlled so that when the input portion 30A is connected to one of the first 22 or fourth 28 branches, then the output portion 30B is connected to the other of these first 22 or fourth 28 branch.
    [0010] Advantageously, in a manner known per se, the primary compressor branch 30 comprises a conventional buffer accumulator 34. Furthermore, since a regulator also operates in only one direction of refrigerant circulation, the primary expander device 20 also has a reversible structure. In particular, the primary expander device 20 comprises a first primary expander 34 carried by a first expander branch 36, having an input connected to the second branch 24 and an output connected to the third branch 26, and a second primary expander 38, carried by a second regulator branch 40, parallel to the first expander branch 36, said second primary expander 38 having an input connected to said third branch 26 and an output connected to said second branch 24. Furthermore, each expander branch 36, 40 advantageously comprises a nonreturn valve 42, 44 respectively, arranged in series with the first 34 or second 38 corresponding primary expander, and oriented in the same direction as the first 34 or second 38 corresponding primary expander. Thus, depending on the direction of flow of the refrigerant imposed by the compressor 16, this refrigerant passes through one or other of the first 36 and second 40 branches of the expander.
    [0011] According to the embodiment described, a thermal storage tank 46 is connected to the primary circuit 12, in parallel with said first primary heat exchanger 14. More particularly, the thermal storage tank 46 comprises a chamber 48 filled with a fluid, in particular a liquid, thermal storage, and a first hollow heat exchange element 50, housed in the enclosure 48, and communicating with the primary heat pump circuit 12. For this purpose, the first hollow element 50 is connected to a part to said first branch 22 of the primary circuit 12 via a first primary conduit 52, and secondly connected to said second branch 24 of the primary circuit 12 via a second primary conduit 54. The first primary conduit 52 is connected to the first branch 22 at a first primary branch 56, and the second primary branch 54 is connected to the second branch 24 at a second branch. Primary branching 57. In order to allow the circulation of refrigerant to one, the other or both of the first primary heat exchanger 14 and the thermal storage tank 46, the first branch 22 includes a first primary valve 58 , in particular a solenoid valve, arranged between said first primary branch 56 and the first primary exchanger 14, and the first primary line 52 comprises a second primary valve 60, in particular a solenoid valve. Advantageously, the thermal storage tank 46 is housed in the compartment, and it is suitable for exchanging heat with the air of this compartment. Preferably, the thermal storage tank 46 is equipped with a ventilation device 62, capable of generating a flow of air passing through this thermal storage tank 46, in order to promote the exchange of heat between the compartment air this thermal storage tank 46.
    [0012] The secondary heat pump circuit 12 'will now be described below. The heat pump secondary circuit 12 'comprises, in a conventional manner, a first secondary heat exchanger 14' with air in the compartment, a secondary compressor 16 ', a second secondary heat exchanger 18' with external air , and a secondary expander device 20 '. A secondary refrigerant circulates in this secondary circuit 12 '. Advantageously, the first secondary heat exchanger 14 'is equipped with a first secondary ventilation device 15', able to generate a flow of air passing through the first secondary heat exchanger 14 '. Similarly, the second secondary heat exchanger 18 'is equipped with a second secondary ventilation device 19', able to generate a flow of air passing through the second secondary heat exchanger 18 '. These ventilation devices promote heat exchange between the air and the corresponding heat exchanger. This secondary heat pump circuit 12 'is advantageously reversible, that is to say that it can be used to increase or reduce the temperature in the compartment. In other words, the compartment air can form a hot source or a cold source of the heat pump, depending on its mode of operation. Thus, the structure of the secondary circuit 12 ', which will be described below, is adapted for such reversible operation. In particular, the secondary circuit 12 'comprises a first branch 22', connected to the first secondary heat exchanger 14 ', a second branch 24' extending between the first secondary heat exchanger 14 and the secondary expansion device 20 ', a third branch 26 ', extending between the secondary expansion device 20' and the second secondary heat exchanger 18 ', and a fourth branch 28' connected to the second secondary heat exchanger 18 '.
    [0013] Furthermore, the secondary circuit 12 'comprises a secondary compressor branch 30', on which the secondary compressor 16 'is arranged. This secondary compressor branch 30 'extends between an input portion 30A' and an output portion 30B '. Indeed, the primary refrigerant can only flow in one direction in the secondary compressor 16 ', so in one direction in the branch of secondary compressor 30'.
    [0014] Thus, the secondary circuit 12 'comprises a secondary inversion device 32' adapted to connect, alternatively, said input portion 30A 'to the first branch 22' and said output portion 30B 'to the fourth branch 28', or said input portion 30A 'at the fourth limb 28' and said output portion 30B 'at the first limb 22'. Thus, depending on the connection made by the secondary inverting device 32 ', the secondary refrigerant can flow from the secondary compressor 16' to the first secondary heat exchanger 14 'or from the secondary compressor 16' to the secondary heat exchanger 14 '. second secondary heat exchanger 18 '. The secondary inversion device 32 'comprises, for example: a first three-way valve 32A' having a first channel connected to said first branch 22 ', a second channel connected to said input portion 30A' and a third channel connected to said fourth branch 28 ', and - a second three-way valve 32B' having a first path connected to said first branch 22 ', a second path connected to said output portion 30B', and a third path connected to said fourth branch 28 '.
    [0015] Thus, each of these first 32A 'and second 32B' three-way valves is adapted to allow the fluidic communication of the input portion 30A ', respectively the output portion 30B', with the first 22 'or the fourth 28' plugged. These first 32A 'and second 32B' valves are controlled so that when the input portion 30A 'is connected to one of the first 22' or fourth 28 'branch, then the output portion 30B' is connected to the other of these first 22 'or fourth 28' branch. Advantageously, in a manner known per se, the secondary compressor branch 30 'comprises a conventional buffer accumulator 34'. Furthermore, since a regulator also operates in only one direction of refrigerant circulation, the secondary expansion device 20 'also has a reversible structure. In particular, the secondary expander device 20 'comprises a first secondary expander 34' carried by a first expander branch 36 ', having an input connected to the second branch 24' and an output connected to the third branch 26 ', and a second secondary expander 38 ', carried by a second expander branch 40', parallel to the first expander branch 36 ', said second secondary expander 38' having an input connected to said third branch 26 'and an output connected to said second branch 24 . Furthermore, each branch of the expander 36 ', 40' advantageously comprises a respective nonreturn valve 42 ', 44', arranged in series with the first and second 34 'or second 38' corresponding secondary expander, and oriented in the same direction as that first 34 'or second 38' corresponding secondary expander. Thus, depending on the flow direction of the refrigerant imposed by the secondary compressor 16 ', this refrigerant passes through one or other of the first 36' and second 40 'branches of the expander.
    [0016] According to the embodiment described, the thermal storage tank 46 is also connected to the secondary circuit 12 ', in parallel with said first secondary heat exchanger 14'. More particularly, the thermal storage tank 46 has a second heat exchange hollow element 64 housed in the enclosure 48 and communicating with the secondary heat pump circuit 12 '. For this purpose, the second hollow element 64 is connected firstly to said first branch 22 'of the secondary circuit 12' via a first secondary conduit 52 ', and secondly connected to said second branch 24 of the secondary circuit 12 via a second secondary conduit 54 '.
    [0017] The first secondary duct 52 'is connected to the first branch 22' to a first secondary branch 56 ', and the second secondary branch 54' is connected to the second branch 24 'to a second secondary branch 57'. In order to allow the flow of refrigerant to one, the other or both of the first secondary heat exchanger 14 'and the thermal storage tank 46, the second leg 24' includes a first secondary valve 58 ', in particular a solenoid valve, arranged between said second secondary branch 57 'and the first secondary exchanger 14', and the second secondary branch 54 'comprises a second secondary valve 60', in particular a solenoid valve. Different modes of operation of the air conditioning device 10 according to the invention will now be described. In a first step, the different operating configurations of each heat pump circuit 12, 12 'will be described. More particularly, the various operating configurations of the primary circuit 12 will be described, the operating configurations of the secondary circuit 12 being identical.
    [0018] A first operating configuration of the circuit 12 is a heating configuration of the compartment.
    [0019] In this heating configuration, the inverting device 32 is controlled to connect the inlet portion 30A of the compressor branch 30 to the fourth branch 28 and the outlet portion 30B of this compressor branch 30 to the first branch 22.
    [0020] Furthermore, the first solenoid valve 58 is open to allow the passage of refrigerant from the compressor 16 to the first heat exchanger 14. On the other hand, the second solenoid valve 60 is closed to prevent the flow of refrigerant to the storage tank. heat 46. Thus, in this heating configuration, the circuit 12 operates as a conventional heat pump. In fact, in a manner known per se, the refrigerant comes out hot from the compressor 16, then flows through the first branch 22 to the first heat exchanger 14, where the refrigerant yields heat to the compartment air. The refrigerant then flows through the second branch 24, then through the expansion branch 36 corresponding to this direction of circulation, where the refrigerant is further cooled when its pressure decreases in the expander 34. The refrigerant then circulates, through the third branch 26, to the second heat exchanger 18 to take heat to the outside air. The refrigerant thus heated then flows in the fourth branch 28 to the compressor 16, in which it is compressed so as to increase its pressure, and therefore its temperature. The cycle then continues as previously described. A second operating configuration of the circuit 12 is a heat storage configuration in the heat storage tank 46. In this heat storage configuration, the first solenoid valve 58 of the circuit 12 is closed, and the second solenoid valve 60 is open. Thus, the refrigerant leaving the compressor 16 flows to the heat storage tank 46, where it transfers heat to the heat storage liquid. The operation of the circuit 12 in this storage configuration is similar to that of the heating configuration described above, except that the refrigerant transfers its heat to the heat storage liquid rather than the compartment air. . A third operating configuration of the circuit 12 is a heating and storage configuration. In this third configuration, the first 58 and second 60 solenoid valves are open. Thus, the refrigerant leaving the compressor 16 separates into two separate streams at the first branch 56, to flow on the one hand to the heat storage tank 46 and on the other hand to the first heat exchanger 14. Thus , a part of the refrigerant leaving the compressor 16 flows to the heat storage tank 46, where it transfers heat to the heat storage liquid, and another part of the refrigerant leaving the compressor 16 flows to the first heat exchanger 14, where it gives heat to the compartment air. In this case, the compartment is less heated than in the first heating configuration, and the tank is less heated than in the second heat storage configuration. A fourth operating configuration of the circuit 12 is a cooling configuration of the compartment air. Indeed, thanks to the inverting device 32, the heat pump circuit 12 is reversible. Thus, in this cooling configuration, the inverting device 32 is controlled so that the inlet portion 30A of the compressor branch 30 is connected to the first branch 22 and the outlet portion 30B of this compressor branch 30 is connected to the fourth branch 28. In this case, the refrigerant leaving the compressor 16 flows to the second heat exchanger 18, where it gives heat to the outside air.
    [0021] The refrigerant thus cooled then flows through the third branch 26, then through the regulator branch 40 corresponding to this direction of operation, where the refrigerant is further cooled when its pressure decreases in the expander 38. The refrigerant then circulates through the second branch 24 to the first heat exchanger 14, where it draws heat from the compartment air.
    [0022] The refrigerant finally flows to the compressor 16, where a new cycle can begin. A fifth operating configuration of the circuit 12 is a cold storage configuration in the heat storage tank 46. In this cold storage configuration, the first solenoid valve 58 of the circuit 12 is closed, and the second solenoid valve 60 is open. Thus, the refrigerant leaving the expander 38 flows to the heat storage tank 46, where it takes heat from the heat storage liquid. The operation of the circuit 12 in this cold storage configuration is similar to that of the previously described cooling configuration, except that the refrigerant draws heat from the heat storage liquid rather than from the heat storage liquid. compartment air.
    [0023] It should be noted that this fifth operating configuration can also be used for the defrosting of the second heat exchanger 18. In fact, the heat taken from the heat storage liquid can be returned to the second heat exchanger 18 to cause the melting of the second heat exchanger 18. frosted.
    [0024] A sixth operating configuration of the circuit 12 is a cooling and cold storage configuration. In this sixth configuration, the first 58 and second 60 solenoid valves are open. Thus, the refrigerant leaving the expander 38 separates into two separate streams at the second branch 57, to flow firstly to the heat storage tank 46 and secondly to the first heat exchanger 14. Thus a part of the refrigerant leaving the expander 38 flows to the heat storage tank 46, where it takes heat from the heat storage liquid, and another part of the refrigerant leaving the expander 38 flows to the first heat exchanger 14, where it takes heat from the compartment air.
    [0025] In this case, the compartment is less cooled than in the fourth cooling configuration, and the tank is less cooled than in the fifth cold storage configuration. Different combinations of the operating configurations of the primary 12 and secondary 12 'circuits can be envisaged to define different modes of operation of the air conditioning device 10. A first mode of operation of the air conditioning device 10 is used in extreme cold, when the demand heating in the compartment is important. In this first mode of operation, the primary 12 and secondary 12 'circuits are both in their first heating configuration of the compartment. The two heat pump circuits 12 and 12 'thus operate in parallel, thus allowing more efficient heating than a single heat pump circuit. A second mode of operation of the air conditioning device is used when the demand for heating in the compartment is moderate.
    [0026] In this second mode of operation, only one of the two primary heat pump circuits 12 or secondary 12 'is in heating configuration of the compartment, and the other circuit is deactivated, in particular by closing its compressor. In a third mode of operation, only one of the circuits 12, 12 'operates in compartment heating configuration, as in the second mode of operation, and the other circuit operates as a second heat storage configuration.
    [0027] This third mode of operation is preferred to the second mode of operation, when the heat demand in the compartment is the same, but it is desired to store heat in the tank 46. Alternatively, in a fourth mode of operation, only one of the circuits 12, 12 'operates in compartment heating configuration, as in the third mode of operation, and the other circuit operates in the third configuration of heating and storage. In this case, the compartment is heated more than in the third mode of operation, but the heat storage liquid is less heated than in this third mode of operation. A fifth mode of operation is used when the heat demand in the compartment is even lower. In this fifth mode of operation, only one of the two primary heat pump circuits 12 or secondary 12 'is in third heating and storage configuration, and the other circuit is deactivated, in particular by closing its compressor. In a sixth mode of operation, the two heat pump circuits 12, 12 'are deactivated, the compartment then being heated only by the heat storage tank 46. In this case, the corresponding ventilation device 62 is activated so that the heat storage liquid transfers its heat to the compartment air. This sixth mode of operation can be used only when the heat storage liquid has been previously heated, for example by one of the third to fifth modes of operation described above. In a seventh mode of operation, the heat stored in the reservoir 46 is delivered in parallel with the heating of the compartment by one or the other or both of the heat pump circuits. An eighth operating mode corresponds to the defrosting of one of the second external heat exchangers 18, 18 ', without any heat being drawn from the compartment air.
    [0028] In this eighth mode of operation, the circuit 12, 12 'whose second heat exchanger 18, 18' requires a defrost operates in the fifth cold storage configuration. In other words, the refrigerant withdraws heat from the storage tank 46, rather than from the air in the compartment, and returns this heat to said second heat exchanger 18, 18 ', which enables it to be carried out. defrost.
    [0029] At the same time, the other heat pump circuit 12, 12 'operates in the first heating configuration of the compartment, as previously described. Thus, the thermal comfort in the compartment is identical to that which would be obtained with a conventional air conditioning device having only one heat pump circuit in heating configuration. It should be noted that during defrosting, the ventilation devices 15, 19 of the first 14 and the second 18 heat exchangers are deactivated. Indeed, it is undesirable to ventilate in the compartment during defrost, to avoid a reduction of the feeling of heat felt by the occupants of the compartment. In addition, it is undesirable to ventilate outdoors, in order to avoid dissipation of the heat supplied to the second heat exchanger, and to ensure that this heat is only used for defrosting. Alternatively, in a ninth operating mode, in order to accelerate the defrosting, said other heat pump circuit 12, 12 'can operate as a second heat storage configuration or as a third heating and storage configuration, depending on whether the heating of the compartment or the efficiency of the defrost is preferred. Thus, heating of the heat storage liquid is provided, and thereby improving the efficiency of the heat pump circuit removing heat from the storage liquid for defrosting its second heat exchanger 18, 18 '. The air conditioning device 10 also allows cooling of the compartment air. Indeed, thanks to the inverting device 32, each heat pump circuit is reversible. Thus, in a tenth mode of operation, when the cooling demand of the compartment is high, the two heat pump circuits 12, 12 'can both operate in cooling configuration of the compartment. Alternatively, in an eleventh mode of operation, only one of these circuits 12, 12 'operates in cooling configuration of the compartment, while the other operates in cold storage configuration.
    [0030] Alternatively, in a twelfth mode of operation, only one of the circuits 12, 12 'operates in cooling configuration of the compartment, while the other operates in sixth configuration of cooling and cold storage. In a thirteenth mode of operation, only one of the circuits 12, 12 'is in sixth configuration of cooling and cold storage, while the other circuit is deactivated.
    [0031] In a fourteenth mode of operation, one or the other or both of the heat pump circuits 12, 12 'operates in the air cooling configuration of the compartment, and the storage tank ventilation device 46 is activated. so that the storage liquid also draws heat from the compartment air.
    [0032] This operating mode can only be used when the heat storage liquid has been previously cooled, in particular by one of the eleventh to thirteenth modes of operation described above. Alternatively, in a fifteenth mode of operation, the two circuits 12, 12 'are deactivated, for example for reasons of energy saving, and only the ventilation device of the tank 46 is activated, so that the storage liquid draws heat from the compartment air. This operating mode can only be used when the heat storage liquid has been previously cooled, in particular by one of the eleventh to thirteenth modes of operation described above. In a sixteenth mode of operation, the ventilation devices 15, 15 'connected to the first heat exchangers 14, 14' are activated while the two heat pump circuits 12, 12 'are deactivated, in order to provide a cooling function. ventilation in the compartment. Such a ventilation function can be used alone, or in combination with the activation of the ventilation device of the tank 46 as in the fifteenth mode of operation described above.
    [0033] Note that the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and could have various variants without departing from the scope of the claims. In particular, the air conditioning device 10 could comprise more than two heat pump circuits, all connected to the same storage tank 46. Moreover, other modes of operation could be imagined, especially when the air conditioning device 10 comprises more two heat pump circuits.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Device (10) for air conditioning a compartment, in particular for a railway vehicle, of the type comprising: - a heat pump primary circuit (12) comprising a first primary heat exchanger (14) with the compartment air, a primary compressor (16), a second primary heat exchanger (18) with outside air, and a primary expander device (20), and - a thermal storage tank (46) connected to the primary circuit (12) parallel to said first primary heat exchanger (14) with compartment air, characterized in that: - the air conditioning device (10) comprises a secondary heat pump circuit (12 '), comprising a first secondary heat exchanger (14 ') of heat with compartment air, a secondary compressor (16'), a second secondary heat exchanger (18 ') of heat with air from the outside, and a secondary expansion device (20'), the thermal storage tank (46) is connected to the circu it secondary (12 '), in parallel with said first heat exchanger (14') heat with air compartment.
    [0002]
    2. An air conditioning device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the thermal storage tank (46) comprises: - an enclosure (48) filled with a thermal storage fluid, - a first hollow element (50) of heat exchange, housed in the enclosure (48), and communicating with the primary heat pump circuit (12), and - a second heat exchange hollow element (64), housed in the enclosure (48), and communicating with the secondary heat pump circuit (12 ').
    [0003]
    3. An air conditioning device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the primary circuits (12) and secondary (12 ') of the heat pump comprises: - a first branch (22, 22') connected to the first heat exchanger (14, 14 '), - a second leg (24, 24') extending between the first heat exchanger (14, 14 ') and the expander device (20, 20') - a third limb (26, 26 ') extending between the expander device (20, 20') and the second heat exchanger (18, 18 '), - a fourth limb (28, 28'), connected at the second heat exchanger (18, 18 '), - a compressor branch (30, 30'), on which the compressor (16, 16 ') is arranged, and extending between an inlet part (30A, 30A ') and an output part (30B, 30B'), - an inverting device (32, 32 ') adapted to alternatively connect said input part (30A, 30A') to the first part (22, 22 ') and said output portion (30B, 30B') at the fourth I branch (28, 28 '), or said input portion (30A, 30A') to the fourth leg (28, 28 ') and said output portion (30B, 30B') to the first leg (22, 22 '). ').
    [0004]
    An air conditioning device (10) according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the inverting devices (32, 32 ') comprises: - a first three-way valve (32A, 32A') having a first path connected to said first branch (22, 22 '), a second path connected to said input portion (30A, 30A'), and a third path connected to said fourth branch (28, 28 '), and - a second a three-way valve (32B, 32B ') having a first path connected to said first branch (22, 22'), a second path connected to said output portion (30B, 30B '), and a third path connected to said fourth limb (28, 28 ').
    [0005]
    An air conditioning device (10) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein at least one of the primary (20) or secondary (20 ') expansion device comprises a first (34, 34') and a second (38 ', 38 '), each carried by a first (36, 36') and a second (40, 40 ') respective regulator branch, such that: - the first expander (34, 34'), has an input connected to said second limb (24, 24 '), and an output connected to said third limb (26, 26'), - the second expander (38, 38 ') has an input connected to said third limb (26, 26'), and an outlet connected to said second leg (24, 24 '), and - each expander leg (36, 40, 36', 40 ') comprises a non-return valve (42, 44, 42', 44 '), arranged in series with the first (34, 34 ') or second (38, 38') corresponding expander, and oriented in the same direction as the first (34, 34 ') or second (38, 38') corresponding expander.
    [0006]
    6. An air conditioning device (10) according to claim 2, taken in combination with any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein: - the first hollow element (50) of heat exchange is connected on the one hand to said first limb (22) of the primary heat pump circuit (12) via a first primary conduit (52), and secondly to said second limb (24) of the primary heat pump circuit (12). ) via a second primary duct (54), and the second heat exchange hollow element (64) is connected on the one hand to said first branch (22 ') of the secondary heat pump circuit ( 12 ') via a first secondary duct (52'), and secondly to said second leg (24 ') of the secondary heat pump circuit (12)' via a second secondary duct (54 ').
    [0007]
    The air conditioning device (10) according to claim 6, wherein: the first primary duct (52) is connected to the first branch (22) of the primary circuit (12) at a first primary branch (56); second primary duct (54) is connected to the second leg (24) of the primary circuit (12) at a second primary branch (57), - the first (22) or second (24) branch of the primary circuit (12) has a first primary valve (58) arranged between said first (56) or second (57) primary branch and the first primary exchanger (14), and - the first (52) or second (54) primary line comprises a second primary valve (60). ).
    [0008]
    The air conditioning device (10) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: the first secondary duct (52 ') is connected to the first branch (22') of the secondary circuit (12 ') at a first secondary branch ( 56 '), - the second secondary duct (54') is connected to the second leg (24 ') of the secondary circuit (12') at a second secondary branch (57 '), - the first (22') or second ( 24 ') branch of the secondary circuit (12') comprises a first secondary valve (58 '), arranged between said first (56') or second (57 ') secondary branch, and the first secondary exchanger (14'), and - the first (52 ') or second (54') secondary duct has a second secondary valve (60 ').
    [0009]
    An air conditioning device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said thermal storage tank (46) is adapted to exchange heat with air, including compartment air, the reservoir thermal storage device (46) is preferably equipped with a ventilation device (62) capable of generating a flow of air passing through the storage tank (46).
    [0010]
    An air conditioning device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the first (14, 14 ') or second (18, 18') primary or secondary heat exchangers is equipped with a ventilation device (15, 19, 15 ', 19') adapted to generate a flow of air passing through the first (14, 14 ') or second (18, 18') primary or secondary heat exchangers.
    [0011]
    11. Defrosting process of the second heat exchanger (18, 18 ') of the primary heat pump circuit (12) or secondary (12') of an air conditioning device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: - the primary (12) or secondary (12 ') circuit, comprising the second heat exchanger (18, 18') to be defrosted, operates in a cold storage configuration, in which a refrigerant flowing in this circuit withdraws heat from the storage tank (46) and delivers heat to said second heat exchanger (18, 18 ') to be de-iced, - the other circuit (12, 12') operates in a compartment heating configuration , in which a refrigerant circulating in this circuit takes heat from the second heat exchanger (18, 18 ') of this circuit and returns heat to the first heat exchanger (14, 14') of this circuit.
    [0012]
    The deicing method according to claim 11, wherein said other circuit operates in a compartment heating and heat storage configuration in the storage tank (46), wherein a refrigerant circulating in said circuit draws heat. at the second heat exchanger (18, 18 ') of this circuit and returns heat on the one hand to the first heat exchanger (14, 14') of this circuit, and on the other hand to the storage tank (46) .
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    EP2894419B1|2020-12-16|Air-conditioning device for a compartment, in particular for a railway vehicle, and method for defrosting the device
    EP2643643B2|2022-01-05|Device for the thermal conditioning of a passenger compartment of a vehicle
    EP1329344B1|2008-02-27|Device for thermal management, especially for a vehicle equipped with a fuel cell
    EP2817163B1|2019-03-06|Device for the thermal management of a cabin and of a drivetrain of a vehicle
    EP2258571B1|2016-04-20|Heat exchange device andthermal management system
    EP2263894A1|2010-12-22|Thermal management system with an air conditioning cycle and a heating fluid cycle
    EP2299205A1|2011-03-23|Air conditioning device for a heating installation, a ventilation installation and/or a air conditioning installation
    FR2897016A1|2007-08-10|ELECTRIC OR HYBRID AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE HAVING A THERMAL CONDITIONING SYSTEM PROVIDING LOW LEVEL SOURCES
    FR2984471A1|2013-06-21|DEVICE FOR THERMALLY CONDITIONING A TRACTION CHAIN AND A VEHICLE HABITACLE
    EP2437955B1|2013-06-05|Multifunction thermal management device and method of an electric vehicle
    FR2966776A1|2012-05-04|DEVICE FOR THERMALLY CONDITIONING A TRACTION CHAIN AND A VEHICLE HABITACLE.
    WO2013079342A1|2013-06-06|Circuit including an internal heat exchanger, through one branch of which a coolant flows in two opposite directions
    EP2601063A1|2013-06-12|Air-conditioning system, notably for a motor vehicle, comprising an air-conditioning loop and a secondary loop collaborating with the air-conditioning loop.
    FR2949386A1|2011-03-04|SECONDARY LOOP COOPERATING WITH A VENTILATION, HEATING AND / OR AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT EQUIPPED WITH A MOTOR VEHICLE.
    EP2720890B1|2020-01-15|Refrigerant circuit and method of controlling such a circuit
    WO2012146368A1|2012-11-01|Assembly including a coolant circuit and a heat transport fluid circuit
    WO2019202266A1|2019-10-24|Thermal conditioning device for a motor vehicle
    FR3053447B1|2019-06-07|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR AIR CONDITIONING FOR A COMPARTMENT, IN PARTICULAR A MOTOR VEHICLE HABITACLE
    EP2629023B1|2016-04-20|Thermal plant and method providing thermal conditioning of premises and domestic hot water production
    EP2550491A1|2013-01-30|Air-conditioning loop including a heat exchanger positioned directly between two expansion members
    EP3511182B1|2021-06-30|Air-conditioning system with five-channel valves, module and corresponding method
    FR3073609B1|2019-10-25|CHANNEL FOR THERMAL EXCHANGER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE
    FR3004387A1|2014-10-17|THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE CABIN OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE
    FR2967483A1|2012-05-18|AIR CONDITIONING LOOP, SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A LOOP AND METHOD OF IMPLEMENTING SUCH A SYSTEM
    FR3051546A1|2017-11-24|AGENCY REFRIGERANT FLUID CIRCUIT FOR THERMALLY CONTROLLING AN ENERGY SOURCE
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2894419A1|2015-07-15|
    US9994238B2|2018-06-12|
    EP2894419B1|2020-12-16|
    FR3016206B1|2016-02-05|
    PL2894419T3|2021-08-02|
    US20150191182A1|2015-07-09|
    CA2876724A1|2015-07-08|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JP2002327968A|2001-04-27|2002-11-15|Hitachi Ltd|Cold storage type refrigerating system|
    EP2437009A2|2010-09-29|2012-04-04|Panasonic Corporation|Air conditioner|
    US2707869A|1955-05-10|dennison |
    JPS6252335A|1985-08-30|1987-03-07|Toshiba Corp|Air conditioner|
    JPS6410062A|1987-06-30|1989-01-13|Daikin Ind Ltd|Heat accumulation type air conditioner|
    JP3499171B2|1999-10-26|2004-02-23|三菱電機株式会社|Thermal storage cooling system|
    US8166773B2|2008-10-08|2012-05-01|Venturedyne, Ltd.|Refrigeration capacity banking for thermal cycling|JP5575192B2|2012-08-06|2014-08-20|三菱電機株式会社|Dual refrigeration equipment|
    EP3098540B1|2014-01-23|2020-10-07|Mitsubishi Electric Corporation|Heat pump apparatus|
    CN208443069U|2015-01-09|2019-01-29|特灵国际有限公司|Heat pump system|
    CN104807231A|2015-05-12|2015-07-29|上海海洋大学|Switchable two-stage cascade energy-saving ultralow-temperature refrigeration system for ship|
    FR3041288B1|2015-09-21|2019-01-25|Alstom Transport Technologies|IMPROVED AIR CONDITIONING DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR FOR A RAILWAY VEHICLE COMPARTMENT|
    ITUA20162463A1|2016-04-11|2017-10-11|Begafrost S R L|EXTERNAL EVAPORATOR DEFROSTING SYSTEM FOR HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS.|
    CN108885031B|2016-04-21|2020-06-19|三菱电机株式会社|Heat-extraction recovery type air conditioning device|
    GB201610977D0|2016-06-23|2016-08-10|Sunamp Ltd|A thermal energy storage system|
    FR3055252B1|2016-09-01|2020-03-13|Alstom Transport Technologies|AIR TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR A LAND TRANSPORT VEHICLE, VEHICLE COMPRISING SUCH A SYSTEM, AND AIR TREATMENT METHOD|
    FR3055290B1|2016-09-01|2019-07-19|Alstom Transport Technologies|CAR OF A TRANSPORT VEHICLE, IN PARTICULAR A RAILWAY VEHICLE, COMPRISING AN IMPROVED AIR-CONDITIONING DEVICE|
    CN106828017B|2017-01-20|2020-01-07|深圳市科泰新能源车用空调技术有限公司|Air conditioner for vehicle|
    US10352605B2|2017-02-14|2019-07-16|Heatcraft Refrigerator Products, LLC|Cooling system with intermediate heat exchange fluid loop|
    US10422562B2|2017-02-14|2019-09-24|Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc|Cooling system with intermediary heat exchange|
    FR3070354B1|2017-08-30|2019-09-13|Speedinnov|HIGH SPEED TRAIN MOTOR WITH INTERNAL OVERPRESSURE|
    FR3070353B1|2017-08-30|2019-09-06|Speedinnov|HIGH SPEED TRAIN MOTOR|
    CN108895699B|2018-06-25|2020-10-30|袁一军|Heat pump and method and system for defrosting refrigeration space|
    CN109059151B|2018-07-19|2020-06-12|上海交通大学|Air conditioner heat pump system|
    CN111469816B|2020-04-16|2021-07-06|李晟|High-pressure thermal fluid brake and engine energy recovery system|
    法律状态:
    2015-01-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2015-12-25| TP| Transmission of property|Owner name: ALSTOM TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGIES, FR Effective date: 20151125 |
    2016-01-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-01-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-01-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2018-02-02| CA| Change of address|Effective date: 20180103 |
    2020-01-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-01-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1450117A|FR3016206B1|2014-01-08|2014-01-08|DEVICE FOR AIR CONDITIONING A COMPARTMENT, IN PARTICULAR FOR A RAILWAY VEHICLE|FR1450117A| FR3016206B1|2014-01-08|2014-01-08|DEVICE FOR AIR CONDITIONING A COMPARTMENT, IN PARTICULAR FOR A RAILWAY VEHICLE|
    CA2876724A| CA2876724A1|2014-01-08|2014-12-22|Air-conditioning device for a compartment, specifically for a rail vehicle|
    US14/592,030| US9994238B2|2014-01-08|2015-01-08|Air conditioning device for a compartment, in particular for a railroad vehicle|
    PL15150505T| PL2894419T3|2014-01-08|2015-01-08|Air-conditioning device for a compartment, in particular for a railway vehicle, and method for defrosting the device|
    EP15150505.4A| EP2894419B1|2014-01-08|2015-01-08|Air-conditioning device for a compartment, in particular for a railway vehicle, and method for defrosting the device|
    [返回顶部]